Peridot, “extreme gem”
**Peridot** (pronounced pair-uh-doe) is the gem-quality variety of olivine, a magnesium-iron silicate mineral that belongs to the forsterite-fayalite family. This striking gemstone has a fascinating geological background and rich spiritual significance.
Geological and Soils
The vibrant green color of peridot primarily results from its iron content, which can vary significantly, leading to a spectrum of shades from light yellowish-green to deep olive. The precise ratio of magnesium to iron in the crystal structure is highly variable. Crystals that are rich in magnesium and relatively poor in iron are designated as forsterite (Fo), while those that exhibit a higher iron content and lower magnesium are termed fayalite (Fa). For instance, a crystal composition may be specified as Fo44/Fa56, indicating it is composed of 44% magnesium silicate and 56% iron silicate. For gemological purposes, the generalized chemical formula (Mg, Fe)2SiO4 can be utilized to represent peridot. Peridot crystals are typically flattened, and significant deposits of this mineral are often discovered in granular masses or as embedded grains within finer-grained basaltic or gabbros. The crystal exhibits distinctive cleavage—characterized by breakage along preferred planes—and a conchoidal (shell-like) fracture pattern. It has a hardness ranging from approximately 6.5 to 7 on the Mohs hardness scale, making it suitable for various jewelry applications.
Additionally, peridot is relatively dense, with a specific gravity ranging from about 3.27 to 3.37, which can be measured by comparing its weight to an equal volume of water. Peridot crystallizes in the orthorhombic system, which is characterized by three crystallographic axes that are mutually perpendicular but differ in length. These orthorhombic crystals possess two non-crystallographic axes along which light traverses at fixed velocities, known as optic axes. Because there are two of these axes, orthorhombic crystals are referred to as biaxial. The refractive indices of peridot range from about 1.654 to 1.690, reflecting its optical properties. Specifically, peridot has three refractive indices, two of which remain constant while one varies between the upper and lower indices. The birefringence, which is the numerical difference between the highest and lowest refractive indices, of peridot is relatively pronounced: 1.690 - 1.654 = 0.036. This characteristic means that when a beam of light enters the crystal, it is refracted and bent in such a way that objects viewed through the crystal appear as a split image. This optical feature is incredibly valuable to jewelers and gemologists because it causes the junctions between adjacent facets and any inclusions present to appear notably doubled when observed through the table of the stone. Peridot may host slight inclusions of minerals such as biotite (which appears brown), chromite (a deep black), pyrope garnet (dark red), spinel (which forms tiny octahedra), or gas and liquid inclusions that take on a shape reminiscent of fried eggs. The combination of the strong doubling at facet junctions and inclusions, alongside its pale yellowish-green color, creates distinct visual characteristics that are hallmark features of peridot.
Spiritual Aspects
Peridot is believed to radiate a beautiful, enlightening energy that activates and harmonizes the Heart Chakra. This chakra is associated with love, compassion, and emotional resilience, allowing individuals to connect with higher realms of consciousness. Peridot plays a significant role in quieting spiritual fears, such as guilt, regret, or feelings of karmic debt that may weigh heavily on one's mind and spirit. It encourages emotional healing, helping individuals to embrace positive energies and let go of past traumas. As one of the three birthstones for August, peridot is often celebrated for its unique lime-green hue, reflecting its numerous connections to nature and vitality. Throughout history, peridot has been confused with other green gemstones, particularly topaz and emerald. As the primary birthstone for those born under the astrological sign of Leo, peridot is appreciated not only for its striking appearance but also for its lively and dynamic character. It is esteemed for its reputed ability to heal the heart on both emotional and spiritual levels. Known as the "stone of study," peridot enhances concentration and mental clarity, making it an ideal companion for goal-oriented individuals, particularly Leos, who are often driven and ambitious. Beyond boosting enthusiasm and dedication toward their tasks, this radiant stone fosters emotional openness, assisting Leos in overcoming tendencies toward possessiveness or attachment that may hinder their personal growth. ### The Folklore of Peridot Peridot has deep cultural and spiritual connections that enhance its significance. It is associated with Lakshmi, the Hindu Goddess of Fortune and Abundance, who is often depicted with four arms that symbolize the spiritual values of righteousness (dharma), desire (kama), wealth (artha), and deliverance (moksha). This connection emphasizes the stone's association with prosperity and generosity, making it particularly meaningful for those seeking abundance in their lives. Peridot has a gentle but powerful vibration that instills confidence, balanced emotions, and patience. It is an excellent stone for emotional healing because it can help you understand your purpose and place in the universe.
Some of the emotional and spiritual benefits of peridot include:
- Alleviates jealousy, resentment, spite, and anger
- Fosters openness to new experiences and relationships
- Aids in recognizing and separating illusion from truth
- Attracts love and strengthens marriage/partnership
- Enhances expression and communication of your truth
- Dispels negative emotions and victim mentality
- Stimulates spiritual growth and connection with divinity
CHAKRA ALIGNMENT
Peridot activates and harmonizes the heart and solar plexus chakras. The heart chakra rules love, higher consciousness, and compassion. Meanwhile, the solar plexus chakra governs willpower, self-esteem, and empowerment.
By working with these two chakras, peridot establishes alignment and balance between the upper and lower chakras. It bridges earthly and spiritual realms, helping you manifest your true potential.
Folklore
Throughout history, peridot has been associated with good luck, health, and prosperity. The ancient Egyptians called it the "gem of the sun", believing it protected its wearer at night and symbolized influence and dignity. Egyptian priestly robes were adorned with peridot as far back as 1500 BCE.
The ancient Romans also revered peridot, associating it with light and beauty. They believed it warded off nightmares and worked as a cure for asthma. Peridot jewelry was especially popular during the Middle Ages, thought to instill foresight, eloquence, and influence over others.
Additionally, various legends associate peridot with the sun, proposing that it bestows energy and happiness on its owner. While it bolsters enthusiasm and dedication to current tasks, this radiant gem also encourages the heart to open, helping to release possessiveness that Leos may find hard to let go of. Peridot honors Lakshmi, the Hindu Goddess of Fortune and Abundance, who is often depicted with four arms embodying righteousness, desire, wealth, and deliverance. It also pays tribute to Pele, the Hawaiian Goddess of Fire and Volcanoes. Crystals of green and gold honor Persephone, the Greek Goddess of Spring, symbolizing celebration and the renewed vitality of the Earth. In Oahu, Hawaii, small peridot crystals often wash ashore near volcanic regions since this gemstone is primarily composed of olivine, a mineral found in lava rocks. Ancient Hawaiian folklore recounts tales of these gemstones being tears shed by Pele, the goddess of the elements. It is said that when it rains, peridot gemstones may fall from the sky. In this context, peridot not only honors Pele, the Hawaiian Goddess of Fire and Volcanoes, but also reflects the stone's powerful and transformative energy. Furthermore, crystals of green and gold in peridot are dedicated to Persephone, the Greek Goddess of Spring, symbolizing renewal, celebration, and the awakening of the Earth as it bursts forth with new growth and vitality. Through its geological properties and rich folklore, peridot emerges as a gem of profound significance, valued both for its beauty and its spiritual importance across cultures.